Bonjour à tous.
I am disappointed that we know about the French Civil War. More precisely, a small amount of information. I tried to find out the information from the devs. In vain. Well, if you wanted to see something like this, I sincerely give it to you. A brief sketch of how the Revolution and the Civil War could have gone.
Get ready, it will be a longread. The links will contain maps describing a specific /CW period. Everything is ready, enjoy!
Spring collapse & Revolution
The Western Front is entering its final phase. The Germans break through the Anglo-French defenses. The CGT, led by the zealous anarchist Émile Pouget, went on a general strike. Foch was replaced by Pétain. The fighting spirit is insignificant in the army, soldiers do not want to die and dissert.
And so the Germans surrounded Paris, preparing to cook it in a ring, the Austrians occupied Marseilles, the government moved to Orleans, and the Socialists and Syndicalists held a demonstration in support of the rebels. Initially peaceful, with the participation of radicals led to the capture of the city administrations of Lyon, Dijon, Saint-Etienne. Apart from this and the short strike, this demonstration was not remembered for anything.
The military continued to disobey orders from senior management. During the month in Paris there were centers of "class" struggle, which complicated the situation. Having asserted that the fall of Paris was inevitable, on
October 4, 1919, the French went to Versailles to sign an armistice with the Germans (read the surrender). According to him, the northeast of France was occupied by the Germans (the Austrians at that time left Marseilles, Italy is more important), they also captured Paris "for the sake of stability", and ordered the French army to demobilize. Well, to pay reparations, of course.
If you think it's all like
1871, you're damn right! As the Kaiser and his own guard marched on the Champs Elysees, the French were horrified and disgraced, demoralized and enraged. The fiasco of revenge turned into riots, mutinies, with ever-increasing strikes. Both the Briando government, which had just begun its work, and the aristocracy with the bourgeoisie, probably for the lack of help from France, were to blame. The Socialists/Syndicalists boycotted the parliament and declared themselves allies of the CGT.
Eventually, on
November 1, the Treaty of Versailles was signed, a peace with harsh, degrading conditions that finally leveled old France in the eyes of the people. On
November 3, the CGT issued an ultimatum against the still unmobilized soldiers and expressed confidence in those who did so. The general strike successfully spread to most of the country. Law enforcers and protesters turned against each other. Cities became fronts. The factories became rear. The country became an arena of battle. A picture emerged, more majestic than
1789, and bloodier than
1871: the French returned to each other and threw down their knives. The revolution began.
Bloody Winter
Now soldiers, workers, peasants and burghers, who a few months ago were still fighting together, have met in the arena. The lower class, which took the overthrow of the "enemies of the proletariat" seriously, was joined by previously deserted soldiers.
In the first week they managed to occupy Lyon, Limoges, Dijon, Bourges, Rouen and a dozen other cities. Given the joint disorganization of the French army, the first seemingly clear attack took place on
November 22 at
Vichy (
22,000 revolutionaries against
21,000 soldiers), where Barthelemy's units repulsed the rebel attacks with equal force. Other divisions either obeyed the Syndicalists or fled to the southeast, where they tried to organize a fragile line of defense.
December continued the beating of the Republic: La Rochelle, Angers, Nantes, Perigueux, Nevers came under the control of trade unionists. Also in December, the SFIO established ties with the Bolsheviks, which allowed it to seize leadership in the Third International after the fall of Moscow and the Soviet regime. As of
January 1, CGT received Aquitaine, Toulouse, Auvergne, Burgundy, Limoges and Poitou. It is also worth mentioning the anarchist republic in Saint-Lo, where Raymond Pericat (a supporter of the Bolsheviks) organized the dictatorship of the proletariat during October-December, until he was bribed for a position in the Committee of Public Safety. Or maybe he did not see Nestor Makhno?
The strong helplessness of the Provisional Government can be explained by the lack of a strong leader. Aristide Bryand, although a socialist, was unable to reach an agreement with both the CGT and the Germans. We don't have to talk about the rest of the government. The only thing it managed to do was move from Orleans to Marseilles and defend itself with dying stocks, people still ready to fight for the Third Republic ... and what's the point of fighting for it? This view was confirmed by the battle of
Avignon on
January 29 (
15,000 revolutionaries against
12,200 military), which ended not in favor of the old democracy. Although it was more like a beating, uneven sparring. There was no other way out but to flee. From
February 1 to 4, about
100,000 combatants, as many refugees, the elite and the navy were evacuated first to Corsica and then to the Algerian departments. The participants in the events will call the farewell to their homeland (they considered it temporary) an "
Algerian Voyage" (Voyage d'Algérien). On
February 5, everything was over - the revolution won.
Mainland France was wrapped in the Red Flag.
Aftermath
In
March, a French delegation traveled to Compiègne to sign a peace treaty with Germany. The Syndicalists confirmed the previous agreements and handed over the rest of Lorraine to Germany, and Dunkirk to Flanders-Wallonia, fortunately, the civil war hindered the realization of German ambitions. And on
May 21, the anniversary of the Bloody Week of the Paris Commune, the founding of the
Federation of Communes of France, which consisted of
37,900 communes, was officially announced. Émile Pouget, the Premier of the Comité de Salut Public, begins the difficult task of transforming democracy into a state of the proletariat.
The Third French Republic in Algiers became a refuge for lovers of old France, who provided Ferdinand Foch with power. Democratic forces failed to form a viable government, failed to resolve problems between refugees and Franco-Algerians, and were swept away by the junta of Philippe Pétain in
1926. Switzerland applied the condition of the Congress of Vienna on the neutrality of the Upper Savoy and occupied it in
January 1920. From January, the Communards also began to provide assistance to the Italian brothers, which allowed them to strengthen in Piedmont. Monaco was captured and annexed by CGT in the last days of the war. The escape of the king with the elite and the ban on casinos turned the principality into an ordinary commune.
After all, there are calls from both sides of the Mediterranean for the unification of France under one government.
Friends, if you have read my long grid and are ready to point out inaccuracies and errors objectively, I am glad to listen to them. This is an attempt to more or less describe the history of France's formation in the world of the Kaiserreich. Not surprisingly, this chronology is published against the background of progress reports on France. I hope I satisfied you. Merci.
Welcome to this post fellow redditors! With the Euro 2016 less than 6 months away, it is time to introduce the stadiums that will host the fixtures of this tournament. For each city, you will find an in-depth description of the stadium, a photo album and a link to the city guide made by UEFA. Let me know if I made some mistakes or oversights. I hope you enjoy the reading!
Nota Bene:
- All kick-off times of the fixtures are CET.
- The names of the stadiums have been standardized for the Euro 2016 if their name is from a naming deal (this is the case for Bordeaux and Nice stadiums). The current names of the stadium can be found in brackets.
- All inauguration dates of the renovated stadiums are for the renovation for the Euro 2016 except for the Parc des Princes where the renovations were too minor to consider an inauguration date.
BORDEAUX
City guide Photo album Name: Stade de Bordeaux (Matmut-Atlantique)
Location: Cours Jules-Ladoumègue, 33300 Bordeaux, France
Coordinates:
44° 53′ 49″ N 0° 33′ 48″ W Status: New stadium
Start of construction: 11/04/12
End of construction: 04/30/15
Cost: € 184m
Architect: Herzog & de Meuron
Owner: City of Bordeaux
Tenants: FC Girondins de Bordeaux
Inauguration: 05/23/15 (Bordeaux - Montpellier, 2-1)
UEFA Capacity (normal capacity): 42,000 (42,115)
Attendance record: 42,115 (ASM Clermont Auvergne - Stade toulousain, 18-14, 06/06/15)
Pitch:
Hybrid grass AirFibr Major international football events:
France – Serbia (2-1), 09/07/15 Other major sporting events: 2015 French Rugby Championship (Top 14) Semi-finals
Major concerts: -
Fixtures:
Group stage - 06/11/16, 18.00: Wales v Slovakia
- 06/14/16, 18.00: Austria v Hungary
- 06/18/16, 15.00: Belgium v Ireland
- 06/21/16, 21.00: Croatia v Spain
Quarter-finals - 07/02/16, 21.00: W41 v W43
Trivia: The Stade de Bordeaux is a new stadium build for the Euro 2016 and the replacement of the old stadium of Girondins of Bordeaux, Stade Chaban-Delmas, that hosted the 1938 and 1998 World Cup. This stadium is the cheapest of the 4 new stadiums. It has been designed by Herzog & de Meuron, architects of the famous Allianz Arena, and features a "floating" roof supported by 900 stranchions. In september 2015, the stadium has been named "Matmut-Atlantique" for 10 years and a price of € 2m per year.
LENS
City guide Photo album Name: Stade Bollaert-Delelis
Location: Avenue Alfred-Maës, 62300 Lens, France
Coordinates:
50° 25′ 58″ N 2° 48′ 54″ E Status: Renovated
Start of renovation: January 2014
End of renovation: July 2015
Cost: € 70m
Architect: Cardete et Huet
Owner: City of Lens
Tenants: Racing Club de Lens
Inauguration: 08/08/15 (Lens – Red Star, 1-1)
UEFA Capacity (normal capacity): 35,000 (33,443)
Attendance record: 48,912 (Lens - Marseille, 2-1, 02/15/92)
Pitch: Natural grass
Major international football events: Euro 1984; 1998 World Cup (
Laurent Blanc golden goal leads France to the Quarter-Finals)
Other major sporting events: 1999 Rugby World Cup; 2007 Rugby World Cup
Major concerts: Matt Pokora and Magic System free concert for the RC Lens centenary (07/14/06); Johnny Hallyday (06/06/09)
Fixtures:
Group stage - 06/11/16, 15.00: Albania v Switzeland
- 06/16/16, 15.00: England v Wales
- 06/21/16, 21.00: Czech Republic v Turkey
Round of 16 - 06/25/16, 21.00: WD v 3B/E/F
Trivia: The stadium was build back in 1932 by unemployed workers that found explosives shells and grenades during the construction. The stadium can accommodate the whole population of Lens and will still have more than 2,000 empty seats. It has the particularity to be the only stadium in France that has its supporters kop in the side stand and not in the curve as usual. It has been the location of a scene in the movie "Bienvenue chez les Ch'tis", leader of the all-time French box-office, where you can hear
"Les Corons", famous song sung by Lens fans.
LILLE
City guide Photo album Name: Stade Pierre-Mauroy
Location: 261 Boulevard de Tournai, 59650 Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France
Coordinates:
50° 36′ 43″ N 3° 07′ 50″ E Status: New stadium
Start of construction: 03/29/10
End of construction: 07/15/12
Cost: € 282m
Architect: Valode & Pistre and Pierre Ferret
Owner: Eiffage Lille Stadium Arena
Tenants: LOSC Lille
Inauguration: 08/17/12 (Lille – Nancy, 1-1)
UEFA Capacity (normal capacity): 50,000 (50,157)
Attendance record: 49,626 (France – Jamaica, 8-0, 06/08/14)
Pitch: Natural grass
Major international football events:
France – Jamaica (8-0), 06/08/14 Other major sporting events: 2014 French Rugby Championship (Top 14) Semi-finals; 2014 Davis Cup Final (France – Switzerland, 1-3); EuroBasket 2015 knockout stage; 2017 World Men’s Handball Championship
Major concerts: Rihanna concert (07/20/13); Patrick Bruel concert (09/06/14); Johnny Hallyday concert (10/09/15)
Fixtures:
Group stage - 06/12/16, 21.00: Germany v Ukraine
- 06/15/16, 15.00: Russia v Slovakia
- 06/19/16, 21.00: Switzerland v France
- 06/22/16, 21.00: Italy v Ireland
Round of 16 - 06/26/16, 18.00: WC v 3A/B/F
Quarter-finals - 07/01/16, 21.00: W38 v W42
Trivia: The Stade Pierrre-Mauroy is a new stadium build for the Euro 2016. It is the only stadium in France to have a retractable roof that can be closed or opened in half an hour. It also has a retractable pitch and can be used as
a sporting arena. This stadium holds the attendance record for an European basketball game (26,922, Spain - France, 09/17/15) and for a Davis cup game (27,432, France - Switzerland, 11/21/14). The owner of the stadium also own
the Millau Viaduct (world's tallest bridge structure and highest bridge in Europe) and the Channel Tunnel.
LYON
City guide Photo album Name: Stade de Lyon (Parc OL)
Location: Chemin du Montout, 69150 Décines-Charpieu, France
Coordinates:
45° 46′ 01″ N 4° 58′ 52″ E Status: New stadium
Start of construction: 10/22/12
End of construction: 01/06/16
Cost: € 405m
Architect: Populus
Owner: OL Groupe
Tenants: Olympique Lyonnais
Inauguration: 01/09/16 (Lyon – Troyes, 4-1)
UEFA Capacity (normal capacity): 59,000 (59,500)
Attendance record: 55,169 (Lyon – Troyes, 4-1, 01/09/16)
Pitch:
Hybrid grass AirFibr Major international football events: 2019 Women’s World Cup
Other major sporting events: 2016 Challenge Cup and Champions Cup finals (Rugby)
Major concerts: -
Fixtures:
Group stage - 06/13/16, 21.00: Belgium v Italy
- 06/16/16, 18.00: Ukraine v Northern Ireland
- 06/19/16, 21.00: Romania v Albania
- 06/22/16, 18.00: Hungary v Portugal
Round of 16 - 06/26/16, 15.00: WA v 3C/D/E
Semi-finals - 07/06/16, 21.00: W45 v W46
Trivia: The Stade de Lyon is a new stadium build for the Euro 2016 and the replacement of the old stadium of Olympique Lyonnais, Stade de Gerland, that hosted the Euro 1984 and the 1998 World Cup. It is owned by Lyon and the only one of the 10 Euro 2016 stadiums to be owned by the football club that play in it. The stadium will be candidate to host the Europa League final in 2018.
MARSEILLE
City guide Photo album Name: Stade Vélodrome
Location: 3, boulevard Michelet, 13008 Marseille, France
Coordinates:
43° 16′ 11″ N 5° 23′ 45″ E Status: Renovated
Start of renovation: March 2011
End of renovation: June 2014
Cost: € 267m
Architect: SCAU
Owner: City of Marseille
Tenants: Olympique de Marseille
Inauguration: 10/19/14 (Marseille – Toulouse, 2-0)
UEFA Capacity (normal capacity): 67,000 (67,394)
Attendance record: 65,148 (Marseille – PSG, 2-3, 04/05/15)
Pitch:
Hybrid grass AirFibr Major international football events: 1938 World Cup; 1998 World Cup (
Dennis Bergkamp famous last minute goal against Argentina); Euro 1960; Euro 1984 (
France vs Portugal epic semi-final)
Other major sporting events: 2007 Rugby World Cup; 2010 Rugby Challenge Cup final; 2011 French Rugby Championship (Top 14) Semi-finals
Major concerts: Johnny Hallyday (4 times); Pink Floyd (07/12/89); U2 (07/14/93); The Rolling Stones (06/20/90 & 07/05/03); The Police (06/03/08); AC/DC (06/09/09); Paul McCartney (06/05/15)
Fixtures:
Group stage - 06/11/16, 21.00: England v Russia
- 06/15/16, 21.00: France v Albania
- 06/18/16, 18.00: Iceland v Hungary
- 06/21/16, 18.00: Ukraine v Poland
Quarter-finals - 06/30/16, 21.00: W37 v W39
Semi-finals - 07/07/16, 21.00: W47 v W48
Trivia: The Stade Vélodrome is named after the cycling track surrounding the pitch when it first opened in 1937. The stadium has hosted many sporting events during its history such as tennis, field hockey, boxing, motorsports, handball, boules, greyhound tracks, baseball, US football and cycling. It is the only stadium, beside the Parc des Princes, to have hosted the 5 international football tourmanents in France (1938 and 1998 World Cup, Euro 1960, 1984, 2016). Before the renovation, the stadium was roofless and opened to the elements and to the "Mistral", a famous wind blowing in the southeastern France.
NICE
City guide Photo album Name: Stade de Nice (Allianz Riviera)
Location: Boulevard des Jardiniers, 06200 Nice, France
Coordinates:
43° 42′ 18″ N 7° 11′ 33″ E Status: New stadium
Start of construction: 08/06/11
End of construction: September 2013
Cost: € 245m
Architect: Jean-Michel Wilmotte
Owner: City of Nice
Tenants: OGC Nice
Inauguration: 09/22/13 (Nice – Valenciennes, 4-0)
UEFA Capacity (normal capacity): 35,000 (35,624)
Attendance record: 35,200 (France – Paraguay, 1-1, 06/01/14)
Pitch: Natural grass
Major international football events:
France – Paraguay (1-1), 06/01/14;
France – Armenia (4-0), 10/08/15 Other major sporting events: RC Toulon rugby matches (6 in total)
Major concerts: -
Fixtures:
Group stage - 06/12/16, 18.00: Poland v Northern Ireland
- 06/17/16, 21.00: Spain v Turkey
- 06/22/16, 21.00: Sweden v Belgium
Round of 16 Trivia: The Stade de Nice is a new stadium build for the Euro 2016 and the replacement of the old stadium of OGC Nice, Stade du Ray. The National Sports Museum is located in the stadium and was opened in 2014 after being moved out from Paris. The stadium has been named "Allianz Riviera" for 9 years and a price of € 1.8m per year. It is environmentally friendly with more than 4,000 solar panels and its own geothermal installation for heating drawing over three times its own energy requirements. The stadium also uses rain water channelled from the stadium roof into four collection reservoirs for pitch watering.
PARIS
City guide Photo album Name: Parc des Princes
Location: 24, rue du Commandant-Guilbaud, 75016 Paris, France
Coordinates:
48° 50′ 29″ N 2° 15′ 11″ E Status: Renovated
Start of renovation: May 2013
End of renovation: 2015
Cost: € 75m
Architect: Tom Sheehan
Owner: City of Paris
Tenants: Paris Saint-Germain
Inauguration: 05/25/72 (France – USSR, 1-3)
UEFA Capacity (normal capacity): 45,000 (48,527)
Attendance record: 50,370 (France – Wales, 31-12, 02/18/89)
Pitch:
Hybrid grass DESSO GrassMaster Major international football events: 1938 World Cup; 1998 World Cup; Euro 1960; Euro 1984 (
Luis Arconada famous mistake in the final against France); 3 European Cup finals (
Real Madrid – Reims, 4-3, 06/13/1953;
Bayern Munich – Leeds United, 2-0, 05/28/1975;
Liverpool – Real Madrid, 1-0, 05/27/1981; 2 Cup Winners’ Cup finals (
Anderlecht – Austria Vienna, 4-0, 05/03/1978;
Arsenal – Real Zaragoza, 1-2, 05/10/1995); 1 UEFA Cup final (
Lazio – Internazionale, 0-3, 05/06/1998)
Other major sporting events: 1991 Rugby World Cup; 2007 Rugby World Cup
Major concerts: Johnny Hallyday (7 times); Michael Jackson (4 times); The Rolling Stones (3 times); Red Hot Chili Peppers (06/15/04 & 07/06/07); U2 (09/06/97); David Bowie (06/14/97); Metallica (06/23/04); Iron Maiden (06/25/05); Robbie Williams (06/27/06); Muse (06/23/07); Genesis (06/30/07); Bruce Springsteen (06/27/08); Mika (07/04/08); Coldplay (09/07/09); Green Day (06/26/10)
Fixtures:
Group stage - 06/12/16, 15.00: Turkey v Croatia
- 06/15/16, 18.00: Romania v Switzeland
- 06/18/16, 21.00: Portugal v Austria
- 06/21/16, 18.00: Northern Ireland v Germany
Round of 16 - 06/25/16, 18.00: WB v 3A/C/D
Trivia: The Parc des Princes used to host the national cup finals and be the national team stadium before the construction of the Stade de France. It also hosted 54 Tour de France finish. The stadium of the Stade Français (Parisian rugby team), Stade Jean Bouin, is right next to the Parc des Princes less than 100 meters away. The Paris ring road goes under the Parc des Princes and the Stade Jean Bouin through the Parc des Princes tunnel. The Parc des Princes pitch has been awarded "Best Ligue 1 Natural Pitch" the last 2 years thanks to Jonathan Calderwood, former Aston Villa's groundsmanager. After the Euro 2016, the Parc des Princes will be extented to a 60,000 capacity.
SAINT-DENIS
City guide Photo album Name: Stade de France
Location: ZAC du Cornillon Nord, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
Coordinates:
48° 55′ 28″ N 2° 21′ 36″ E Status: Already build
Start of construction: 05/02/95
End of construction: 11/30/97
Cost: € 364m
Architect: Michel Macary, Aymeric Zublena, Michel Regembal, Claude Costantini
Owner: French State
Tenants: The France national football team, The France national rugby team
Inauguration: 01/28/98 (France – Spain, 1-0)
UEFA Capacity (normal capacity): 80,000 (81,338)
Attendance record: 80,430 (South Africa – England, 15-6, 10/20/07)
Pitch: Natural grass
Major international football events: 1998 World Cup (
Lilian Thuram 2 only goals in NT career qualify France for the final;
Zinedine Zidane brace leads France to their first World Cup trophy); 2003 Confederations Cup; 2 UEFA Champion’s League finals (
Real Madrid – Valencia, 3-0, 05/24/00;
Barcelona – Arsenal, 2-1, 05/17/06); 2 World Cup qualifiers playoffs (
France – Ireland, 1-1, 11/18/09;
France – Ukraine, 3-0, 11/19/13)
Other major sporting events: 1999 Rugby World Cup; 2007 Rugby World Cup; 2010 H-Cup final; 2003 World Championships in Athletics
Major concerts: Johnny Hallyday (9 times); The Rolling Stones (5 times); AC/DC (5 times); U2 (5 times); Muse (4 times); Black Eyed Peas (3 times); Madonna (3 times); Beyoncé & Jay-Z (twice); Bruce Springsteen (twice); Paul McCartney (twice); David Guetta (twice); Depeche Mode (twice); The Police (twice); Prince (06/30/11); Céline Dion (twice); Metallica (05/12/12); Red Hot Chili Peppers (06/30/12); Coldplay (09/02/12); Lady Gaga (09/22/12); Rihanna (06/08/13); Eminem (08/22/13); Roger Waters (09/21/13)
Fixtures:
Group stage - 06/10/16, 21.00: France v Romania
- 06/13/16, 18.00: Ireland v Sweden
- 06/16/16, 21.00: Germany v Poland
- 06/22/16, 18.00: Iceland v Austria
Round of 16 Quarter-finals - 07/03/16, 21.00: W40 v W44
Final - 07/10/16, 21.00: W49 v W50
Trivia: The Stadium was build for the 1998 World Cup and is the biggest stadium in France by capacity. It is the only stadium in the world to have ever hosted a World Cup football and a World Cup rugby final. It has movable seating that can be retracted to uncover part of the athletics track. The locker rooms were designed with the help of Michel Platini. The stadium has been used by Lille and Lens to host Ligue 1 games while their stadiums were being renovated or build. The Stade de France can resist winds up to 145 kph and a software simulating crowd dynamics was used during its conception.
SAINT-ETIENNE
City guide Photo album Name: Stade Geoffroy-Guichard
Location: 14, rue Paul et Pierre Guichard, 42028 Saint-Étienne, France
Coordinates:
45° 27′ 39″ N 4° 23′ 25″ E Status: Renovated
Start of renovation: May 2011
End of renovation: December 2014
Cost: € 58m
Architect: Chaix & Morel et Associés
Owner: City of Saint-Etienne
Tenants: AS Saint-Etienne
Inauguration: 03/08/15 (Saint-Etienne – Lorient, 2-0)
UEFA Capacity (normal capacity): 42,000 (42,000)
Attendance record: 47,747 (Saint-Etienne – Lille, 1-0, 05/11/85)
Pitch:
Hybrid grass AirFibr Major international football events: Euro 1984 (
Michel Platini perfect hat-trick against Yugoslavia); 1998 World Cup (
Michael Owen famous goal against Argentina); 2003 Confederations Cup
Other major sporting events: 2007 Rugby World Cup; 2010 French Rugby Championship (Top 14) Semi-finals
Major concerts: Bruce Springsteen (06/25/85); Johnny Hallyday (07/22/03); The Police (06/10/08)
Fixtures:
Group stage - 06/14/16, 21.00: Portugal v Iceland
- 06/17/16, 18.00: Czech Republic v Croatia
- 06/20/16, 21.00: Slovakia v England
Round of 16 Trivia: The Stade Geoffroy-Guichard is named after the founder of the Casino retail chain. The nickname of the stadium is "Le Chaudron" (the Cauldron) due its reputation for the atmosphere. The stadium was build on old mine tunnels next to a steel factory and in the early days of the stadium, fumes from the factory's chimneys were known to drif across the pitch. The "Musée des Verts" located in one of the stadium's stand and showing the history of the Saint-Etienne club is the first museum in France dedicated to a football club. The museum exhibits the famous square posts that deny Saint-Etienne 2 goals (
Dominique Bathenay long shot;
Jacques Santini header) in the 1976 European Cup final against Bayern München in Glasgow.
TOULOUSE
City guide Photo album Name: Stadium de Toulouse
Location: Île du Ramier, 1, bis allées Gabriel Biénès, 31028 Toulouse, France
Coordinates:
43° 35′ 00″ N 1° 26′ 03″ E Status: Renovated
Start of renovation: April 2013
End of renovation: December 2015
Cost: € 46m
Architect: Cardete et Huet
Owner: City of Toulouse
Tenants: Toulouse FC
Inauguration: 01/16/16 (Toulouse – PSG)
UEFA Capacity (normal capacity): 33,000 (33,300)
Attendance record: 40,000 (Toulouse – Sete, 0-0, 05/20/51)
Pitch:
Hybrid grass AirFibr Major international football events: 1938 World Cup; 1998 World Cup (
Romania beat England 2-1 in the group stage); BONUS:
Diego Maradona hits the post in the penalty shootout and qualifies Toulouse for the Second Round of the 1986-1987 UEFA Cup Other major sporting events: 2007 Rugby World Cup
Major concerts: Michael Jackson (09/16/92)
Fixtures:
Group stage - 06/13/16, 15.00: Spain v Czech Republic
- 06/17/16, 15.00: Italy v Sweden
- 06/20/16, 21.00: Russia v Wales
Round of 16 Trivia: The Stadium de Toulouse in located on an island in the center of City on the Garonne river. Since november 2009, the East stand is named "Brice Taton", a Toulouse fan that died in Belgrade in september 2009 from his injuries caused by Partizan hooligans. The stadium is only one kilometer away to the AZF factory, ac hemical plant, that suffered a major explosion in september 2001 damaging the stadium. 6 months of repairs costing nearly € 600K were needed to fix the stadium.
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